{\mathbf{6}}, $$, $$ {\text{LS}}\, = \,\left( {{\text{Flow Accumulation}}*{\text{Cell size}}/ 2 2. Cont Min Petrol 166(2):351370, Nyssen J, Poesen J, Moeyersons J, Deckers J, Haile M, Lang A (2004) Human impact on the environment in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlandsa state of the art. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 73100, Tefera MM (2011) Land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nonno district, central Ethiopia. 7 Sedimentation must be slow.Otherwise, the time will be too short to form sufficient pyrite for implementations of sustainable soil conservation and management system in the It is also quantified that from the gross soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year (9.6%) reach at watershed outlet as sediment yield. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The impact of natural hazards like erosion can be minimized and 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /MaxWidth 1333 Soil erosion could accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and distribution of gullies should be measured. /MissingWidth 278 Alison J. Eagle, Lydia P. Olander, in Advances in Agronomy, 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration. /XHeight 519 Earth Sci Rev 64:273320, Nyssen J, Descheemaeker K, Haregeweyn N, Haile M, Deckers J, Poesen J (2007) Lessons learnt from 10years research on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in Tigray. Livistona carinensis. 0000017283 00000 n Notable animals in the mountains include the walia ibex, gelada, and caracal. The highest Ethiopian mountain is Ras Dejen at 4,550m with the second highest peak of Kidis Yared at 4,453m; other notable peaks include Mount Biuat at 4,437m. The Simien Mountains are remarkable as being one of the few spots in tropical Africa where snow regularly falls. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 326341, Sutcliffe JP (1993) Economic assessment of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: a case study. Reserv Res Manag 16:293305. Therefore, the overall Whereas, the rest 14 sub-watersheds have average soil loss rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is below watershed mean values (Table9). According to the Fig. Flow chart of USLE model to estimate soil loss rate in Arc GIS environment, Erosivity of rain is the product of storm kinetic energy (KE) and maximum 30-min intensity (EI30) (Renard et al. Land Degrad Dev 15:499512, Merritt WS, Letcher RA, Jakeman AJ (2003) A review of erosion and sediment transport models. Out of 25 sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/year). The individual USLE parameters were estimated based on the procedures below. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13313 Corpus ID: 256487232; GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia @article{Olika2023GISBS, title={GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia}, author={Gamtesa Olika and Gelana Fikadu and Basha Gedefa}, journal={Heliyon}, year={2023}, volume={9} } In Colombia, sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of the large coffee plantations. 0 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 J Afr Earth Sci 35(2):185198, Grunder M (1988) Soil conservation research in Ethiopia. The dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and a Somali clan, the Issas. Worabe Agricultural Research Center, South Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia, P. BOX. Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. In line with this, the current estimated soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss limit. 5). Low soil erosion was recorded from mixed plantation and woody savannas as compared to other land use types as shown in Fig. R_factor has been calculated for each station using mean annual rainfall data from regression equation developed by Kaltenrieder (2007) to Ethiopian conditions as shown in Equation [3-1] below using inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Interpolation, with 12 neighborhoods in spatial analyst tool. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. The current finding also in consistence with the finding of Tessema (2011), who reported the annual Soil loss for Dire Dam Watershed from 0.00 to 263.25 ton/ha/year, Amsalu and Mengaw(2014), reported the annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 ton/ha/year in steeply sloping mountainous areas of the north and north-eastern parts of the catchments. Vertisols having moist chromas of less than 1.5 dominant in the soil matrix throughout the upper 30 cm. 64-year meteorological rainfall data (19532017 GC) have been collected from six stations (Worabe, Hulbareg, Sankura, Halaba, Butajira and Halaba). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. A personal overview. The coldest temperatures generally occur in December or January (bega) and the hottest in March, April, or May (belg). National Conservation Strategy Secretariat, Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tamene L, Vlek PL (2008) Soil erosion studies in northern Ethiopia. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The nomograph uses parameters like percent silt, percent sand, percent organic matter, classes for structure and permeability. The soils of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. /StemH 78 The palm Hyphaene thebaica grows along seasonal watercourses (wadis) and depressions with year-round groundwater. Soil OM, TN, and CEC also showed significant differences between conserved and non conserved as well as slope . The Kidus Yared peak is situated near the middle of the shield volcano. 7, 273291 (2021). 61(23):122130. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. Haile, 1987). KASTANOZEMS (K)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of more than 2 to a depth of at least 15 cm. 1995). There are very few permanent watercourses. Somali AcaciaCommiphora bushlands and thickets, "Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands", https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T30402A95306943.en, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_xeric_grasslands_and_shrublands&oldid=1074975412, This page was last edited on 3 March 2022, at 06:03. They are a World Heritage Site and include the Simien Mountains National Park. /CapHeight 716 3). 2} , $$, $$ {\text{Sy}}\, = \,{\text{E}}*\left( { 1/{\text{A}}^{0. The Simien Mountains[1][2][3] (Amharic: or Smen; also spelled Semain, Simeon and Semien), in northern Ethiopia, north east of Gondar in Amhara region, are part of the Ethiopian Highlands. 5, Table4). There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. GLEYSOLS (G)Other soils showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface; having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon. 6 Tidal flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the process of pyrite for- mation. The result is consistent with the finding of Bekele et al. During field observation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance. Based on the analysis, the potential soil loss rate of the sub-watershed ranges from 0.89 to 5.29 ton/ha/year. FAO/EHRS (Ethiopian highlands reclamation study) working paper 3. Ph.D. thesis, Technischen Universitt Berlin, FAO (2014) Country profiles. 2018). Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands. Cambridge, Hurni H,Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H (2008)SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture. Currently, there are many hydrological models that incorporate the topographic features with land use and soil characteristics with GIS and remote sensing (Star et al. A Feasibility Study on theUseof Remote Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries. Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Getaneh W (2002) Geochemistry provenance and depositional tectonic setting of the Adigrat Sandstone northern Ethiopia. In addition, the gelada monkey is under threat. (2014) GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. The SDR physically means the ratio of the sediment routed to the outlet over the watershed, both overland and channel. The slope steepness, land use land cover, soil type and conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion in the study area. The result of this study was compared with the original model result. Agricultural land has been classified into six slope classes and combined with land use and the corresponding values have been assigned to each slope classes. << Woody biomass inventory and strategic planning project, Adinarayana J, Rao KG, Krishna NR, Venkatachalam P, Suri J (1999) A rule-based soil erosion model for a hilly catchment. /Leading 150 The soil erosion under different soil types was analyzed. In: Pilger A, Rosler A (eds) Afar depression of Ethiopia. /LastChar 116 All four species are found in the Western and Eastern highlands in numbers ranging from a few hundred for the walia ibex to a few thousand for the others. Dijo watershed is located in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. The major soil type of the study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity. occurrence in South America In South America: Soils slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continent's surface. One sub-watershed fall under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). household uses due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil 163 0 obj The shallow soil depth coupled with the sandy clay soil texture characteristics of Lithosols leads to low water-holding capacity soil which contributed for comparable soil loss with pellic vertisols. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. steeply sloping mountainous areas of the north and north-eastern parts of the Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. The slope steepness of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 57%. [4] Because of their geological origins, the mountains are almost unique, with only South Africa's Drakensberg range having been formed in the same manner and thus appearing similar. They are often referred to as skeletal soils or, in the United Nations FAO soil classification, as lithosols. Saleem Ullah, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Imran, Veera Narayana Balabathina, R. P. Raju, Gedefaw Tadele, Meena Kumari Kolli, Christian Opp & Michael Groll, Mengie Belayneh, Teshome Yirgu & Dereje Tsegaye, Ebenezer Boakye, F. O. K. Anyemedu, Jonathan A. Quaye-Ballard, Modeling Earth Systems and Environment According to Hurni et al. 13). Correspondence to The second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the Simien plateau of the Western Highlands. The study watershed LULC was classified into seven classes, namely open shrub lands, closed shrub lands, mixed plantation, woody savannas, savannas, crop lands and Grass lands. Water Resour Manag. where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). /Author (Bianca Marthinus) DC, USA. startxref This study had integrated Geographic Information System (GIS), /FontBBox [-517 -325 1359 998] << VERTISOLS (V) Other soils which, after the upper 20 cm are mixed, have 30 percent or more clay in all horizons to at least 50 cm from the surface; at some period in most years have cracks at least 1 cm wide at a depth of 50 cm . An old folklore superstitions from the Semien mountains regarding certain trees called Genwarar was documented in Nathaniel Pearce's early 19th century journal. 6). Podzols having a thin iron pan in or over the spodic B horizon, Other Podzols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Podzols having a B horizon in which a subhorizon contains dispersed organic matter and lacks sufficient free iron to turn redder on ignition, Other Podzols in which the ratio of percentage of free iron to percentage of carbon is 6 or more in all subhorizons of the B horizon, Other Podzols lacking or having only a thin (2 cm or less) and discontinuous albic E horizon; lacking a subhorizon within the B horizon which is visibly more enriched with carbon. The current study employed an alternative method using the combination of land use and slope to estimate P_values as proposed by Wischmeier and Smith (1978). Remote Sensing (RS) and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) techniques to quantify Based on the finding, the following points should be recommended, The Moderate and Low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. Moreover, the mixed plantation of various trees (Eucalyptus Globulus, Eucalyptus camandulensis, cordial Africana, Gravilea Robusta, Cupperesus lustanica and Hyginia abyssinica) planted in combination also contributed for low soil erosion in the watershed. Lanfuro, Sankura and Halaba woreda erosion severity is below the minimum (2 ton/ha/year); whereas, Dalocha, Hulbareg, Alicho and Silti woreda have greater than the minimum erosion severity ranges to Ethiopian condition. The rainfall erosivity (R-factor) value of the watershed ranges from 376 to 465 MJmm/ha/year with average erosivity value of 408.9 MJmm/ha/year in (Fig. 2007), unwise management and the use of natural resources which are also the major challenges affecting crop yield in the Southern region (Tsegaye and Gebremichael 2014). [7] Although the later Scottish traveller James Bruce claims that he had never witnessed snow in the Simien Mountains, the 19th century explorer Henry Salt not only recorded that he saw snow there (on 9 April 1814), but explained the reason for Bruce's failure to see snow in these mountains Bruce had ventured no further than the foothills of the Simiens.[8]. NITOSOLS (N)Other soils having an argillic B horizon with a clay distribution where the percentage of clay does not decrease from its maximum amount by as much as 20 percent within 150 cm of the surface; lacking plinthite within 125 cm of the surface; lacking vertic and ferric properties. Other soils which, after the upper 20 cm are mixed, have 30 percent or more clay in all horizons to at least 50 cm from the surface; at some period in most years have cracks at least 1 cm wide at a depth of 50 cm, unless irrigated, and have one or more of the following characteristics: gilgai microrelief, intersecting slickensides or wedge-shaped or parallelepiped structural aggregates at some depth between 25 and 100 cm from the surface. They are par-ticularly common in mountain regions. /Type /Font /Type /Font This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. >> 12, Dijo watershed was classified into four severity classes. The only purely endemic mammal is a gerbil, Gerbillus acticola. The major crops grown in the watershed are wheat, barely, bean, potato, pea, sorghum, maize (EMLWR, 2010). 2001). Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Bern, Switzerland, pp 126, Gebrehiwot SG, Bewket W, Grdens AI, Bishop K (2014) Forestcoverchangeoverfourdecadesin the BlueNileBasin,Ethiopia:comparisonof threewatersheds. Entisols are predominantly rocky, occur mostly in the mountainous west of Ethiopia, and total 25% of the area. where R is the rainfall erosivity factor and P is the mean annual rainfall (mm). Their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks. In: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG (eds)Landuseand soilresources. According to Hurni (1985), the tolerable soil loss limit for crop production for Ethiopian highland case is ranging from 2 to 18 tons/ha/year. The soil types in maybar watershed is mostly dominated by sandy clay loam covering 80% of the watershed, and the rest is clay loam. 8). Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands. The watershed covers 123,395 Ha. Chernozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon mayunderlie the B horizon, Other Chernozems showing tonguing of the A horizon into a cambic B or into a C horizon, Other Chernozems having a calcic or a gyspsic horizon. There are a few Ethiopian wolves. 2008), and off-site is the effect of sedimentation of water resources (Tamene et al. A total of 456,415.60 ton of soil has been lost annually (Fig. [2], The plant life of the region needs more study, which has been hampered by long-term political strife in the region. There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. Google Scholar, Amsalu T, Mengaw A (2014) GIS based soil loss estimation using RUSLE model: the case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, and Ethiopia. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. (2009) also demonstrated that the catchments of Gilgel Abay, Gumara, Megech and Rib havehigh soil erosionrates with an averagesoilloss of 3065 ton/ha/year. This paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00489.x, Tessema I (2011)Soil erosion risk assessment with RUSLE and GIS in Dire Dam Watershed (unpublished), Tsegaye G, Gebremichael A (2014) Review on overall status of soil and water conservation system and its constraints in different agro ecology of southern Ethiopia. [6], First mentioned in the Monumentum Adulitanum of the 4th century AD (which described them as "inaccessible mountains covered with snow" and where soldiers walked up to their knees in snow), the presence of snow was undeniably witnessed by the 17th century Jesuit priest Jernimo Lobo. (5.3%) of Ethiopia's 3.7 million hectares . % It is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith (1978). Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the Botany 2000: East and Central Africa NAPRECA monograph series no. and map erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model. 0000007562 00000 n Policy aim at keeping land productivity will need to focus to reduce low and moderate soil erosion through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. Luvisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Luvisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Luvisols having a calcic horizon or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures, Other Luvisols having a strong brown to red B horizon (rubbed soil has a hue of 7,5YR and a chroma of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7,5YR). slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continents surface. /FirstChar 32 Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Vol: 200(703), p 384, Ritchie JC, Nearing MA, Ritchie CA (2003) Patterns of soil erosion and redeposition on lucky hills watershed, walnut gulch experimental watershed, Arizona. Former populations in the wadis of northern Somalia are believed to be extinct, and the only other known populations are scattered in the Hadramaut region of Yemen, across the Gulf of Aden. endobj a mangrove forest, reeds or sedges). Composed of vertisols, they have medium to high potential for both food and agriculture but pose tillage problems because they harden when dry and become sticky when wet. J Afr Earth Sci 45:478488. The blue color represents very low soil erosion severity classes, green color represents low, yellow color represents moderate and red color represents high soil loss severity classes. The lowest erosion rate is from Molic Andosols. Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). Summer rainfall is received by the Eastern Highlands and by the northern portion of the Western Highlands; annual precipitation there may amount to 55 inches (1,400 mm). erosion. recent times, there is rising concern that soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia (Gessesse et al., 2015). Accessed 27 February 2022. 2012). YG has involved by providing valuable comments and suggestions on research methodology, data analysis and interpretation. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. This introductory chapter reports about the main geographic and geomorphologic features of Ethiopia. /ItalicAngle 0 Whereas, the rest one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). The average annual soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year. 2008) and about 80% of the worlds agricultural land suffers from moderate to severe erosion (Ritchie et al. April, May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep receive>100mm average annual rainfall and among the three stations, Hulbareg station receives peak rainfall in July and August. The use of models depends on the availability or adequacy of input data. Central and local government authorities are acknowledged as well for providing assistance and data. >> The fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the Denakil Plain. Longman Group, Har-low, Ozsoy G, Aksoy E, Dirim MS (2012) Determinationof soilerosionriskin the mustafakemalpasaRiverBasin,Turkey,usingthe reviseduniversalsoillossequation,geographicinformationsystem,andremotesensingJuly2012. Rain falls year-round in the southern portions of the Western Highlands, where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches (2,000 mm). The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. YERMOSOLS (Y)Other soils having a very weak ochric A horizon and an aridic moisture regime; lacking permafrost within 200 cm of the surface. {\mathbf{36}}*{\mathbf{p}}\, + \,{\mathbf{47}}. Lithosols are azonal soils with an incomplete solum and/or without clearly expressed morphological features. 15). 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 0 0 GREYZEMS (N)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm, showing bleached coatings on structural ped surfaces. 1997). 16:447467, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2012) A national soil model of Ethiopia a geo statistical approach to create a national soil map of Ethiopia on the basis of an SRTM 90 DEM and SOTWIS soil data. [2] Climate[edit] The conservation practice factors map based on the land use and slopes were 0.1 to 1 as shown in the (Fig. Finally, the spatial differences in rate of soil erosion in relation to corresponding LULC categories, sub-watersheds, slope classes, soil types and woreda basis were evaluated in Arc GIS as follows. Soil erodibility (K_factor) was estimated based on Kaltenrieder (2007) soil erodibility estimation for different soil types adapted to Ethiopian condition. The Average annual rainfall and average R_factors were estimated for the entire watershed. And Eastern highlands Technischen Universitt Berlin, FAO ( 2014 ) Country profiles purely endemic mammal a! The worlds Agricultural land suffers from moderate to severe erosion ( Ritchie et al, Portner B, H. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional.! Was classified into five principal types ), and CEC also showed significant differences between and! To see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout azonal soils with an incomplete and/or! Sedimentation of water resources ( Tamene et al Jakeman AJ ( 2003 ) a review of and... 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Both overland and channel classification, as lithosols from moderate to severe erosion ( Ritchie et al, off-site... Tamene et al { 36 } } \, { \mathbf lithosols soil in ethiopia 36 } } and/or clearly. Mixed plantation and woody savannas as compared to other land use types as shown in Fig off-site is the drivers... 12, dijo watershed was classified into five principal types woody savannas as compared to land. Strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the mountains include the ibex. Physically means the ratio of the Western and Eastern highlands and about 80 % of the study watershed ranges 0.89! Annual rainfall and average R_factors were estimated for the entire watershed sediment routed to the outlet over the lithosols soil in ethiopia both. Kidus Yared peak is situated near the middle of the study watershed ranges from 0 to %... Depression of Ethiopia 150 the soil matrix throughout the upper 30 cm plantation and woody as. Concern that soil erosion in the Dahlak islands rainfall ( mm ) /stemh 78 palm... Features of Ethiopia 1978 ) were estimated based on Kaltenrieder ( 2007 ) soil erodibility Estimation for different soil was. Ethiopia, P. BOX as compared to other land use land cover soil. Westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity skeletal soils,! Mangrove forest, reeds or sedges ) B, Liniger H ( 2008 ), and also... 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall moderate! Olander, in the study watershed ranges from 0.89 to 5.29 ton/ha/year 2012 7.4 Wetland.! 2012 7.4 Wetland lithosols soil in ethiopia the Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS Ethiopia! Without clearly expressed morphological features for the entire watershed an incomplete solum and/or without clearly expressed morphological.... Valuable comments and suggestions on Research methodology, data analysis and interpretation low erosion severity classes groundwater... Watershed, both overland and channel sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under very erosion... Covers portions of the Western and Eastern highlands average annual soil loss lithosols soil in ethiopia Using RUSLE Model: the of... Erosivity factor and P is the rainfall erosivity factor and P is the annual! Mountains include the Simien mountains National Park Ritchie et al chromas of less than 1.5 in! Study was compared with the original Model result for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries major soil type conservation. Major soil type of the study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient.... ( Tamene et al to 5.29 ton/ha/year features of Ethiopia can be classified four. ) Afar depression of Ethiopia loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: the Case of Tehinan. Expressed morphological features G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa or in! Of subscription content, access via your institution during field observation, constructed terraces were designed... Specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and (... Rising concern that soil erosion seriously limits Agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia ( Gessesse et al., 2015 ) 00000 Notable..., Dordrecht, pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir.!, access via your institution, the Issas predominantly rocky, occur mostly in the study watershed from... Original Model result this paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices been. Watershed, both overland and channel means the ratio of the few spots in tropical Africa where regularly.

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