The Gulf Stream, paired with the eastern . This warm water current runs south along the east coast of southern Africa from ~25S to 40S, and is the Western Boundary Current of the South Indian Ocean. With imports and exports on the rise in and out of these ports, it's only a matter of time before larger and deeper berths are necessary to accommodate the changes and remain competitive. Madagascar is by far the biggest, and a continent on its own when it comes to wildlife. June 25, 2020. Manda had close trading connections with the Persian Gulfwith Srf in particular. WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. These voyages of discovery by the Chinese to the African Red Sea coast, East Africa and its Indian Ocean islands, required sea-worthy vessels. The South African coastline is 3200 km from Oranjemund on the west coast to the Mozambique border at Ponta do Oura on the east coast. Some of the island's historical buildings could be seen from the ocean, especially the House of . Between the 14th and 15th centuries, large African Great Lakes kingdoms and states emerged, such as the Buganda[65] and Karagwe[65] kingdoms of Uganda and Tanzania. Eastern Africa is populated by 160 different ethnic groups or more, depending on the method of counting. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Red Sea coast of Sudan are considered the most likely location of the land known to the Ancient Egyptians as Punt. Increased numbers of fish in the sanctuary areas benefit local fishermen who catch more fish in the surrounding areas, and have fueled a profitable tourism industry. The Indian Ocean has cast up a wealth of literature that merges fact and fiction, the most familiar to us being The Seven Voyages of Sindbad as passed down in the The Arabian Nights. [30][31] The recognition of Homo sapiens idaltu and Omo Kibish as anatomically modern humans would justify the description of contemporary humans with the subspecies name Homo sapiens sapiens. To the west, Africa has its longest coastline with the Atlantic Ocean. 1250 24th Street, N.W. There is little information concerning the period until the 8th century. Between 2500 and 3000 years ago, Bantu-speaking peoples began a millennia-long series of migrations eastward from their homeland around southern Cameroon. [24] Temperatures in East Africa, except on the hot and generally humid coastal belt, are moderate, with maxima of around 25C (77F) and minima of 15C (59F) at an altitude of 1,500 metres (4,921ft). Unusually, most of the rain falls in two distinct wet seasons, one centred on April and the other in October or November. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. The Indian Ocean, meanwhile, tempts travellers with the promise of idyllic islands set amongst calm turquoise waters, including Mauritius, Madagascar, the Maldives and the Seychelles. Atlantic Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. Marine Turtle, African elephant, Black rhino, White rhino, Great white shark, Dugong, Whale shark, In response to Covid-19, a new partnership will boost the devastated nature-based tourism industry in Africa, Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Africa's east coast is blessed with a plethora of stunning islands, each one washed by the warm waters of the azure Indian Ocean. Out here in the deep blue waters, the fin indeed belongs to a blue shark, swimming just below the surface. Meanwhile, in 1884, a narrow coastal strip of Somaliland came under British control (British Somaliland). With $1.9 million in funding from the Global Environment Facility, an African Nature-Based Tourism Collaborative Platform is being developed to connect funders to communities and small and medium enterprises involved in nature-based tourism in eastern and southern Africaand who are most affected by the loss of revenue due to Covid-19. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. WMAs create opportunities for wildlife tourism, which directly benefits local communities through jobs and revenue. A close up of a giant sea clam in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), Giant sea clams typically occur on the east coast of Africa in clear water of less than 10 metres. An ever-growing population dependent on timber and fuel wood continues to put pressure on this dwindling natural resource. Aiming to reduce illegal activities, WWF helped the governments of Tanzania and Mozambique agree to work cooperatively on improving forest management. Turn-of-the-century maritime photographs, dhows off the east African coast Monsoon Dhows Sailors have harnessed the Indian Ocean's monsoon winds for at least two millennia. Djibouti, as well as the Puntland and Somaliland regions of Somalia, have also seen relative stability. Indo-European languages, such as English, French and Portuguese, remain important in higher institutions in some parts of the larger region. But also because there are so many different tourist coasts along its length. WWF works with government and communities to develop land use plans that allow wildlife movement and human use to coexist. [28] Some researchers have suggested that North Africa was the region of Africa from which modern humans who first trekked out of the continent. Ships sailed from there to western India to bring back cotton cloth, grain, oil, sugar, and ghee, while others moved down the Red Sea to the East African coast bringing cloaks, tunics, copper, and tin. Though there is little evidence to suggest that its inhabitants had any buildings to begin with, wattle-and-daub dwellings appeared in due course, and by the 10th century short lengths of coral masonry wall were being built. Area 1,420,236 square miles (3,678,394 square km). 1: The volcanic ridge offshore Mayotte. Moreover, at Zanzibar an extant Kfic inscription (the only one) recording the construction of a mosque by Sheikh al-Sayyid Ab Imrn Ms ibn al-asan ibn Muammad in 1107 confirms that by this time substantial Muslim settlements had been established. There appears also to have been a rather extensive trade with the island of Madagascar. The islands of Primeiras and Segundas off the coast of Mozambique are a major nesting site for several marine turtle species. The German Empire gained control of a large area named German East Africa, comprising present-day Rwanda, Burundi and the mainland part of Tanzania named Tanganyika. Rainfall variability is influenced by both El Nio events and a positive Indian Ocean Dipole. Location: Africa East African coastal cities participated in a larger Afro-Asian trade network a thousand years before Vasco Da Gama peeked around the Cape of Good Hope to find the way to sail to India. The main ethnic groups of Eritrea, the Tigray and the Tigre, are speakers of Semitic languages. Gujarati traders were already criss-crossing the ocean for biashara with the Swahili Coast of Eastern Africa. However, the creation of clove plantations, intensification of the slave trade and relocation of the Omani capital to Zanzibar in 1839 by Seyyid Said had the effect of consolidating the Omani power in the region.[67]. WWF also facilitated the organization of local fishing communities and helped build their capacity to combat illegal fishing, create alternative sources of income, and implement environmental education programs. Ranger in Udzungwe National Park, Tanzania. Stay safe. It is narrow, swift and strong. However, all is not lost as marine reserves around the globe have proven what a remarkable recovery the marine ecosystem can make if given full protection. You really can walk across the Red Sea at Sharm el-Sheik. Swahili, with at least 80million speakers[citation needed] as a first or second language, is an important trade language in the Great Lakes area. They sailed there with the northeast monsoon, returning home in the summer with the southwest. A whale shark swims with a diver off the coast of East Africa. This, coupled with similar climatic and ecological conditions in most of the surrounding coastal lands, has . Compass in the dark at Atlantis Reef dive site, Simons Town, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), I went diving at the newly discovered Atlantis reef. [40][41], The migration route of the "Out of Africa" theory probably occurred in East Africa however through Bab el Mandeb. This protection of wildlife creates a strong and sustainable incentive for conservation. Prevailing climatic conditions and the regions' geomorphology allowed the establishment of flourishing European style settlements like Nairobi, Vila Pery, Vila Junqueiro, Porto Amlia, Loureno Marques and Entebbe.[68]. Consequently there has been much contact over the past two thousand years among the peoples who inhabit its shores. The Omani presence continued in Zanzibar and Pemba until the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964. Portugal's main goal on the Swahili coast was to take control of the spice trade from the Arabs. Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous state in the United Republic of Tanzania. Foreigners operate large-scale industrial fisheries along the coast, exporting most of the catch. Visit Africa's Gold Coast on the Atlantic Ocean, including Ghana and Senegal, and make a stop at the tropical Cape Verde islands. It must be a long-term collective commitment to protecting what connects us - our ocean. [22] Elsewhere the annual rainfall generally increases towards the south and with altitude, being around 400mm (16in) at Mogadishu and 1,200mm (47in) at Mombasa on the coast, whilst inland it increases from around 130mm (5in) at Garoowe to over 1,100mm (43in) at Moshi near Kilimanjaro. Portuguese trading stations in East Africa and the Slave trade. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This in turn challenged the older trading networks of mixed land and sea routes, such as the spice trade routes which utilized the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and camel caravans to reach the eastern Mediterranean.[66]. This has led to major pollution and overfishing. Around 1,200 miles from the east coast of Africa, Mauritius is best known for its beautiful beaches, lagoons, reefs, and rainforests. [50], On the coastal section of the African Great Lakes region, another mixed Bantu community developed through contact with Muslim Arab and Persian traders, leading to the development of the mixed Arab, Persian and African Swahili City States. Overfishingfor local consumption and export to commercial marketsposes a major threat to the region. Coastal erosion threatens the nesting beaches of marine turtles and harms mangrove forestswhich are already being battered from increased storm surges, and vulnerable to future sea level rise. However, the official Omani Arab presence in Kenya was checked by German and British seizure of key ports and creation of crucial trade alliances with influential local leaders in the 1880s. Nearly all of them rely directly on its marine resources for their livelihoods. (US) +1 (786) 655-4040, *Call costs: Local rates apply from South Africa, UK and US otherwise international rates apply, newsletter@africageographic.com Ethiopia remained independent until 1936 when, after the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, it became part of Italian East Africa. Encyclopedia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, J. D. Fage, A history of Africa, Routledge, 2002, p.29, Daniel Don Nanjira, African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p.114. South of Sarapion, Nikon, the Pyralaae Islands, and the island of Diorux (about whose precise location only speculation seems possible), the chief town was Rhapta, which may lie buried in the Rufiji delta of present-day Tanzania. [36], East Africa is one of the earliest regions where Homo sapiens are believed to have lived. [37][38][39], In September 2019, scientists reported the computerized determination, based on 260 CT scans, of a virtual skull shape of the last common human ancestor to modern humans/H. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. Whales, dolphins, dugongs and whale sharks inhabit these Indian Ocean waters. In fact, on the coast of Somalia, many years can go by without any rain whatsoever. Vast coastlines and active ports, combined with inadequate law enforcement and customs capacity, allow for large-scale shipments to move easily into international markets in Asia. Evidence was found in 2018, dating to about 320,000 years ago, at the Kenyan site of Olorgesailie, of the early emergence of modern behaviors associated with Homo sapiens, including: long-distance trade networks (involving goods such as obsidian), the use of pigments, and the possible making of projectile points. In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. A much more vigorous resistance was offered by the Moors of Mombasa. No settlements from this period have been found. 7 Days in Entebbe, The Last King of Scotland, Out of Africa, Queen of Katwe, The Constant Gardener, Hotel Rwanda, The Good Lie, and Captain Phillips are a few of the critically acclaimed movies. Safaris, discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa. Rainfall in East Africa is characterised by two main rainfall seasons, the long rains from MarchMay and the short rains from October- December. The Western Rift Valley curves along the western borders of Uganda and Tanzania. Italy gained control of various parts of Somalia in the 1880s. The trading ships made their way down the east coast of Africa stopping at towns to trade for African goods such as ivory, gold, myrrh to make a fine skin oil, animal skins, frankincense and ambergris used to make perfumes, and slaves. Today, tourism is an important part of the economies of Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles, and Uganda. [48] The Bantu expansion was a long series of physical migrations, a diffusion of language and knowledge out into and in from neighboring populations, and a creation of new societal groups involving inter-marriage among communities and small groups moving to communities and small groups moving to new areas. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population.Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the . . Madagascar is also considered to be the world's fourth-largest island which offers a plethora of unique collection of flora and fauna. Today they are still used across the Indian Ocean to carry merchandise such as fruits, water, or spices. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to explore the region of current-day Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique by sea. For example, men from local villages are now employed as game scouts, patrolling for poachers over hundreds of miles, often on foot. 82 Likes, 0 Comments - skhathisomusa dumani mthembu (@skhathisomusa) on Instagram: "African East coast | tropics #eastafrica #mombasa #coast #ocean #tropicalparadise #beach #film" Greek and Roman coins have been found, and there are some accounts of overseas migrations to the coast. The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean. The waters of the Western Indian Ocean also support globally important shrimp and tuna industries. Sailors and Daughters reveals the expansive maritime societies of Zanzibar, the east African coast, and beyond. Nilotic languages, such as Luo, Kalenjin, Maasai and Nuer, are spoken in lesser numbers, primarily in the African Great Lakes and Nile Valley. Reports show that eight million tons of plastic enter the oceans every year. Within this region, WWF works in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique and the western part of the Indian Ocean. Portugal had first established a strong presence in southern Mozambique and the Indian Ocean since the 15th century, while during this period their possessions increasingly grew including parts from the present northern Mozambique country, up to Mombasa in present-day Kenya. In the high mountains rainfall can be over 2,500mm (98in). The British also held a number of island colonies in the region, including the extended archipelago of Seychelles and the rich farming island of Mauritius, previously under the French sovereignty. [44] The old kingdom's first mention dates to the 25th century BCE. East Africa & Indian Ocean cruises. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Updates? Well-established gold and ivory trade network existed between African kingdoms in the interior and cities on the east coast of Africa. Chami, Felix A. This answer is: This current is generated because of upwelling of cold water near the west coast of Africa. 01 of 12 Mnemba Island, Tanzania TripSavvy / Christopher Larson Address andBeyond Mnemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania Phone +27 11 809 4300 Web Visit website Located off the north coast of Tanzania, Mnemba is a private Indian Ocean island and part of the historic Zanzibar Archipelago. Because exploitation of turtles is often driven by a lack of economic choices, WWF works to develop alternative livelihoods so that local people are no longer dependent on turtle products for income. [25][26], According to the theory of the recent African origin of modern humans, the predominantly held belief among most archaeologists, East Africa in the area of the African Great Lakes is where anatomically modern humans first appeared. 1. East Africa is a subregion of the continent of Africa, according to the United Nations Geoscheme. [69] Madagascar became part of the French colonial empire following two military campaigns against the Kingdom of Madagascar, which it initiated after persuading Britain to relinquish its interests in the island in exchange for control of Zanzibar off the coast of Tanganyika, an important island hub of the spices trade. Weather extremes also severely threaten the regions traditional livelihoods of farming and fishing. In Mozambique, WWF helped initiate a new law that makes TEDs mandatory in the countrys shrimp trawl fleet. We also work with local communities in Mozambique and Kenya to reduce turtle harvesting and local trade. 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