It speaks of the many cultures that have come to Chicago and made it home. Jimmie Lee went on a hunger strike: http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-07-10/news/0207100252_1_american-folk-blues-festival-blues-aficionados-maxwell-street, (Identified left to right, beginning in front row}, Piano C. Red, Mad Dog Lester Davenport, David Honeyboy Edwards, Jimmie Lee Robinson, Bonnie Lee, Zora Young, Johnnie Mae Dunson, Robert Dancin Perkins, Top Hat Bobby Davis, Mr. H (Baron of the Blues), Frank Little Sonny Scott Jr. Carolyn The Blues Lady Alexander, Clarence Little Scotty Scott, Johnny Drummer, Grana Louise, Nellie Tiger Travis, Gloria Shannon, Pat Smillie, Fruteland Jackson, Robert Blunt Nose Osborne, Charles Earwin, Charlie Love, Alex Easy Baby Randle, James Washington, Ray Scott, Milton Huston, Eddie C. Campbell, Robert Huckleberry Hound Wright, Tenry Johns, Frank Williams, Parl, James Wheeler, Calvin Vino Louden, Shunsuke Kikuta, Joe Barr, Steve Balkin, Willie Buckner, Larry Taylor, Minoru Maruyanma, Dave Weld, Pete Allen, Nick Biscuit Charles, Mose Rutues, John Sibley, Willie Kent, Casey Jones, J.M. Sunnyland arrived in Chicago in the early 40s, played at parties with harmonica great John Lee Sonny Boy Williamson I, and picked up his falsetto vocal technique from Doctor Clayton. Three story brick tenements were built in the early 1900s, with stores on the ground floors, and storage of merchandise on floors above. He drove a cab and recorded this song, Cab Drivin Man, which points out Chicagos major tourist sites, shown in this 1999 video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3OZrn7hZEE, In 2006 he was shot and his legs paralyzed in a robbery http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RER-dzmr28 . Thats why I always say the blues are the true facts of life expressed in words and song, inspiration, feeling and understandingAll of these songs came from the original tom-toms of Africa, the rhythms of Africa. Chicago, Illinois . Living Blues magazines, 1970-1983: Jim and Amy ONeal founded this magazine, and it gave a close-up view of Chicago blues culture, including the local West Side, South Side and suburban scenes, until the magazine moved to the University of Mississippi, Oxford in 1983. (Sally Good, Chicago Tribune), On Maxwell Street, on Sept. 3, 1983, the merchant may change but the style of the hustling and the variety of merchandise remains the same. (James Mayo, Chicago Tribune), A typical food stand on Maxwell Street on Sunday, Feb. 3, 1974. An experimental street laboratory for the first school of urban sociology at the University of Chicago. 2 (Rice Miller) and around Memphis with Howlin Wolf and guitarist Joe Willie Wilkins. This is why Led Zeppelin, the Rolling Stones, Cream and the rest of the British blues bands happened. There are several hallmarks at a classic Chicago street food stand. The view is looking north on Peoria Street. By 1849, Maxwell Street is shown on a map extending west from the South Branch of the Chicago River to Halsted Street. Lalos Fruit Margaritas A veteran of minstrel and medicine shows, he played banjo, both finger-style and flatpick. including one on the northwest corner of Halsted and Maxwell owned . University Village Maxwell Street. He hangs up the mic and takes a break to visit with fans and friends, then picks up a guitar for another song. It runs at 1330 South in the numbering system running from 500 West to 1126 West. As a teenager, Horwich worked in Knigsberg, East Prussia. Rogers also played for tips on Chicagos Maxwell Street market with Pryor and harmonica player Little Walter Jacobs, who he introduced to Muddy Waters. She was a bitch. We won't be wanted when the new University of Illinois is built," said Margo. A photo of Davis appears in Corritores display of the Andre Hobus blues photos collection : Born in Chicago right after his parents arrived from Hollandale, MS, Vince grew up in Lawndale in the neighborhood of California and Polk. (Ed Wagner Sr., Chicago Tribune), Crowds gather at the Maxwell Street market, circa March 24, 1964. Floyd had his own hard times recovering royalties in court when the rock band Canned Heat borrowed the words to his On the Road Again. (see Living Blues magazine issues 58, 59, winter and spring 1984). Frank Scott was born in Montgomery, TX, and served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He taught himself harmonica hearing his upstairs Chicago neighbor, Little Walter Jacobs, practicing. Instead, he said the urban bluesmens louder, more aggressive performance was a legitimate way of declaring the Black communitys identity and claiming their place in American society. He also played drums, piano and just about any other instrument put in front of him, but singing was what he relished most, said Sectoria Peaches Madison, the mother of his daughter.Beginning in the 7th grade, Harris played throughout the Chicago area. Born in Vicksburg, MS, and growing up in Rolling Fork, he learned from his uncle Anthony how to play the high-pitched country stringed instrument. This guitar player from Alexandria, LA, came to Chicago in 1938, lost a finger working in a meat packing plant and almost gave up music. The track Snooky and Moodys Boogie may have inspired Little Walters 1953 hit Juke. Jones made further recordings for the JOB label in the early 1950s, backing musicians such as Snooky Pryor and Johnny Shines. A keyboarder and singer leading his own band into the 21st century, Johnny Drummer (born Thessex Johns in Alligator, MS in 1938) http://www.johnnydrummermusic.com absorbed music in church and from relatives. Wells & Division + 1155 N Wells . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yStDAOj2GPQ, Born in Dallas, TX, Bobby Top Hat Davis was already entertaining people at age nine, shining shoes and tap dancing outside the Dallas State Movie Theater. http://www.bluesmusicnow.com/ice.html In his 2001 Fedora album Ive Never Been Loved, Ice Man is backed by Frank Goldwasser on guitar, Willie Kent on bass, and producer Chris Millar on drums. Lost Ticket. For the last 50 years Bobby has toured the mid-west and Europe, recording with Wolf Records and the Phat Chance labels.https://www.facebook.com/Smilin.Bobby.Smith/info. (Chicago Tribune historical photo), A springtime crowd shops at Maxwell and Halsted streets in the early 1920sas garment workers picket in the background. 1328 South Halsted Street, Chicago, Illinois 60608. Featured on the music disks are Maxwell Street regulars such as Nighthawk, Johnny Young, Carey Bell, Blind Arvella Gray, Jim and Fanny Brewer, and Robert Whitehead. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/lv-banks-mn0000122798 Banks son, Tr Banks, also plays guitar and sings, displaying in his work his fathers influence. Nevertheless, the fathersecured a good position as the only tombstone carver qualified in Hebrew, Yiddish, Polish, Russian, and German inscriptions for the Chicago Jewish community. IN THE VICINITY OF MAXWELL AND HALSTED STREETS: CHICAGO 1890-1930 A Human Documentary. This did not silence his authoritative voice or the big, slurring sound he brought out of the harmonica, which he learned to hold, along with a microphone, cupped in his right hand. every Jew in this quarter who can speak a word of English is engaged in business of some sort everyone is looking for a bargain, and everyone has something to sell The principal streets in the quarter are lined with stores of every description . One, minimal reflection required. Guitarist and harmonica player John Brim came to Chicago in 1947 via Indianapolis from Hopkinsville, KY. His wife Grace, born in Briscoe, AR was one of the few female postwar blues musiciansa capable drummer, singer and harmonica player on Johns and other recordings and one of her own. Blind Arvella plays his Maxwell Street version of the ballad John Henry, c. 1964, on the And This Is Free: The Life and Times of Chicagos Legendary Maxwell Street CD. Over the years, Maxwell Street, shown here circa1905, grew into a vast Sunday-morning flea market. His wife, known as Mississippi Sarah, sang and played the jug. He also played with the Dukes of Swing, an eight-piece jazz band. Since you were skipping church to be there, you could catch a preacher with a megaphone or hear a gospel tune or the wake-up call of the blues. He also recorded for Random Records, JOB, and Parrot. I own the stand with my parents. He said nothing. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people, http://www.newstips.org/category/maxwell-street/Maxwell Street preservationist Steve Balkin, a Roosevelt University professor, has compiled more information on the Romani people in Chicago: http://sites.roosevelt.edu/sbalkin/roma/, In 1988 my son was ten years old; we went to Maxwell Street looking for baseball cards. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/sylvia-embry-mn0001207728 She died of cancer at age 51. http://www.wirz.de/music/embryfrm.htm, John Embry left only a small recorded legacy, but his solid musicianship and clean life-style provided stability to the often-chaotic world of bluesmen, including Jimmy Reed, who would often stay with him. Once golden brown and caramelized, transfer onions to a bowl. I go out and play my guitar, travel all over the world., Thomas A. Dorsey, known as the father of African American gospel music, went through nervous breakdowns and the tragic deaths of his wife and son in childbirth. A merchant sells insect spray at the Maxwell Street market on Aug. 3, 1969. The Original Maxwell Street Polish Sausage Stand Southwest Corner of Union and James Rochford Streets. Bernard Horwich, a financier and philanthropist, aided many organizations whose mission was to improve Jewish lives on the West Side of Chicago. His autobiography My First Eighty Years remainsa vivid account of his childhood as a Jew growing up in Russia, his education in business in East Prussia, his experiences as a Jewish immigrant to Chicago who rose to financial wealth and contributed to Jewish philanthropic organizations. The guys that played [there] in the 1940s, [myself], Moody Jones, Floyd Jones, Little Walter we built the road for the blues in Chicago for Muddy Waters, Howling Wolf and all the rest. In U.S. magazines and newspapers in the later 19th century, editorial cartooning on politics and culturelocal, national, internationalbecame a popular comic art form. On Maxwell Street, a picture in Mike Rowes book Chicago Blues shows he played with John Embry, Long John Wrencher, J.B. Hutto and Jewtown Jimmy Davis. His nickname came from a brief trip to that city after being rejected from military service in 1942. Broonzy first played fiddle with Papa Charlie Jackson, learned guitar, got a foothold in Chicago nightclubs and in turn mentored other musicians. University Village Maxwell Clinic. Thats what hurts: They parade around as Jews, and down deep in their hearts they are worse than Goyim, they are meshumeds (apostates)., Horwich began his career in the Chicago Ghetto peddling stationary in the streets. Over time, he worked his way up to become president of two banks and a stakeholder in other enterprises. As a wealthy businessman, he founded organizations to improve the conditions of Jews on the West Side. Cross street. In St. Louis, Lester Melrose recruited him for the Bluebird label in 1935. People are getting on the public transit bus. The original caption said: "This is our world, old but good. The bands affection for one another lent warmth to the music. He died tragically of alcohol abuse. It centered on three independent cities: New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago. People still identify the Old Maxwell Street Market with the sweet smell of onions that emanated from Jim's stand. Furthermore, in size (measured in feet of the concentrated retail area), Maxwell Street was half the size as the North Michigan Ave/Magnificent Mile Retail . Chicago, Illinois . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-E7z56E0DwI Another Maxwell Street musician, Jimmy Rogers, used the songs key phrase thats all right in his hit song several years later. He played with Howlin Wolf, Memphis Slim, Muddy Waters, Otis Rush, James Cotton, Ike Turner, Sonny Boy Williamson I, Etta James, Chuck Berry and Joe Louis Walker. Small $ 13.95. A Maxwell Street vendor tries to entice late Christmas shoppers with ornaments and dolls on Dec. 24, 1944. Frank recorded, as a bass player, on an Eddie King single in 1960 and on later sessions behind Morris Pejoe, Little Eddie Newell and Willie Williams. It was 2:36 a.m. and the inside of the Maxwell Street Express was packed for an early Sunday morning in April. The CD also includes a video of a very early performance of Communication Breakdown. Another good choice would be their self-titled 1969 debut, which featured songs originally performed by Howlin Wolf and Otis Rush that arent on the Early Days compilation. As a single mother and immigrant, heroptions were all degrading: charity, scrubbing floors, or taking in wash. Not for her. A cold and windy Sunday, Feb. 3, 1974, on Maxwell Street didn't hamper bargain hunters. Heres Tres memorial tribute to him: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXBEMtB6gzE, West Side blues and soul singer and drummer, stepson of guitarist Eddie Taylor Sr. and son of singer Vera Taylor, has played with dozens of Chicago blues masters including Junior Wells and A.C. Reed, and proudly carries the tradition of West Side soul and Maxwell Street blues into the 21st century. He never gave up, continuing to play until his death on a California road trip. Next to Mrs. Cousins soul food place on Peoria Street, Swain reported, fiery young Melvin Taylor had just set up a new band, after learning guitar from another Maxwell Street regular, Lil Pat Rushing. Todays favored Chicago blues songs date back to this era, when the blues hit its heyday on the R& B charts. Les Forgue felt John Henry was stingy, for only giving him $2 for his bucket-passing duties. Heading south on Union turning west on Maxwell and then north on Halsted. Over the past year, there have been substantial price increases for almost all food and ingredients, most in the range of 10 to 30 percent. Jim's Original is the longest continuously operating hot dog stand to have once done business on Maxwell Street. Rayfield had made a living on Maxwell Street for 20 years grinding and selling horseradish. Maxwell Street, despite its rough condition, was a magnet for young U.S. and international musicians who respected the blues and wanted to learn and practice on the street. Soon Benny joined the Hull House Band, and began a music career as a swing band leader. pork chop sando and grape nehi. 7/22/2016. Born in Marksville, LA , Walter Jacobs traveled the south, moved to Chicago in 1945, and started his career on Maxwell Street. He played harmonica upside down with bass notes on the right, according to Komaras Blues Encyclopedia. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/blind-percy-his-blind-band-mn0002300503/biography, Blind Percy and His Blind Band play 14th St Blues c 1927 on the And This Is FreeCD, Another Maxwell Street veteran, Bobby sings as a street performer, summer, 2006 (is this the later Canal St. Maxwell Market?) Honey shares his epic 20th century travels with the most iconic of fellow bluesmen from Mississippi to Chicago. I Love Chicago! Add onions; saut for 30 minutes, stirring frequently to avoid burning and covering when not mixing. Seen one Jew seen them all! Hed just purchased the car with his earnings from the American Folk Blues festival tour of Europe. (George Thompson, Chicago Tribune), Maxwell Street watermelon man, Bob Webb, sets up his watermelon stand at Maxwell and Halsted streets on Aug. 10, 1987. He was happy to have left the south where people made only 75 cents a day picking cotton. 472. Initially a charity student, he saved up money and went into business as a grain broker. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Maxwell Street Grill locations in Homewood, IL. We raise our prices only once a year in July, so until then, we just have to suck it up. This re-issue combines all three albums into a 3-disc set. He died of a heart attack on a visit back home in Clarksdale, MS. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/big-john-mn0000063942Big John Wrencher plays Maxwell Street Alley Blues, c. 1968, on the And This Is Free CD. A new Jim's is located at Roosevelt and Union. Born in 1863 in Ponieman, Suwalk, a province under the Russian Empire, Horwichs father Yankel was a scholar who met his mother when housed by her family as a charity student. I asked him another question. Slice each half into 1/2 slices. In a room of a small cottage forty small boys all with hats on sit crowded into a space 10 x 10 feet in size, presided over by a stout middle-aged man with a long, curling, matted beard, who also retains his hat, a battered rusty derby of ancient style. A drummer and guitar player born 1923 in Algoma, MS, Foster worked for tips on Maxwell Street before graduating to the clubs playing with men like Sunnyland Slim, Sonny Boy Williamson and Lee Brown. Over the years, Maxwell Street, shown here circa1905, grew into a vast Sunday-morning flea market. According to the original caption, Rayfield was not worried "about the suggestion that the Maxwell St. market be wiped out. His father was a tailor, and enrolled his children in a synagogue music program. Mon-Tue-Wed-Thur-Fri-Sat. Williams played often with his cousin, mandolinist Johnny Young with Floyd Jones and his cousin Moody; and harmonica player Snooky Pryor.Johnny Williams plays Worried Man Blues, c. 1948, on the And This Is FreeCD. Our founder, Dick Portillo, frequented the famous corner of Maxwell St. & Halsted St. as a young boy, where he recalls the sweet smell of grilled onions from the Polish sausage street carts. Located on the Northwest Corner of Maxwell and Halsted Streets from 1939 until 2001 when we were relocated. [DNAinfo/Janet Rausa Fuller] . About six blocks of the market were eliminated because of expressway construction. I work out my anger, happiness, love, sorrow, everything I shoots all of it right out through that guitar, Robinson told National Geographic Explorer in a 1994 television special on the Great African-American Migration from the south to the north. In the late 19th century, Jewish immigrants started a produce market on Maxwell Street where it crosses Halsted Street. Hearing Chuck Berry playing on records inspired him to take up guitar. Lefty plays on the sidewalks at Chicago Blues Festival and neighborhood events, and at the Maxwell Street outdoor market Sundays which the city moved to DesPlaines Ave. The Maxwell Street neighborhood is considered part of the Near West Side and is one of the city's oldest residential districts. Peel onions and cut in half lengthwise end to end. "It's one of the most fascinating real estate submarkets in the city right now," said Greg Longhini of the city planning department in 1988. The studies commissioned by Bernheimer for this volume diverged from presenting a single type in a single city, so commonly perceived by outsiders. My grandfather, Jim Stefanovic, began working at his aunts hot dog stand on the northwest corner of Maxwell and Halsted Streets in 1939. When this photo was published in 1965, the open-air market's future was in doubt. If you are ever on the far south side of South suburban Chicago, give this place a try. Harp blowers ever since have kept his wonderful licks alive. All Music Guide says Gray may have had a hand in writing the Bob Dylan song He was a Friend of Mine. Ira Berkow interviewed Arvella for his book Maxwell Street: Survival in a Bazaar. The Immigrant Girl in Chicago by Elias Tobenkin (1909), The Jewish Immigrant Girl in Chicago by Viola Paradise (1913), Chapter 1: My Boyhood in Poniemon, p. 1-45, Chapter 2: Starting Out in the World, p. 51-104, Chapter 3: The Land of Opportunity, p. 105-129, Sally Levin Interview by Mary Ann Johnson (1976). Claim this business. He played on Maxwell Street and entertained in South Side clubs. In 2003 he suffered a stroke on-stage, finished the set with one hand, and slowly recovered enough to play occasional festivals after 2010. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/matt-guitar-murphy-mn0000327100, This modern pyro-technical blues guitarist born in Jackson, MS, came to Chicago with his family at age 3 and started playing on Maxwell Street at age 11. He was Assistant Secretary of the Jewish Publication Society of America when he compiled and edited the anthology, The Russian Jew in America (1905). Sunday was the big day. We have continuously operated the stand since Jims passing in 1976, even after we had to move for the UIC expansion in 2001. There are many Zeppelin box sets and all of the original albums are available as CDs, as Zep has been one of the most enduring bands from the 70s. More analytical than Rowes book, but Rowes is better if youre primarily interested in the Chicago scene. Taylor toured Europe and Japan, recording for VeeJay, Testament, Advent, Big Bear, and L&R Records. Metal resonator guitars like the Dobro and National Steel helped; but when electric guitars were invented, the musicians quickly adopted the new amplifiers. He served in Vietnam in the 1960s, and then worked on the Chicago police force, being wounded a total of five times and suffering emotional scars. In the 1990s, Robinson played family parties and barbecues, and in NorthSide clubs like Rosas, Lillys and B.L.U.E.S. King Levinsky, shownin 1931, worked in his family's fish market on Maxwell Street in 1931 even as he was achieving fame as a professional heavyweight boxer. Maxwell Street was just a whole way of life, you really cant explain it unless you were there. Twist played with harpist Little Arthur Duncan off and on for 31 years till Arthurs death in 2008. Jimmy Stefanovic, owner of the thriving hot-dog stand on the northwest corner of Halsted and Maxwell, was born on July 11, 1901, in Gostivar, Macedonia, Yugoslavia. 10 (October 1909): 4-5. The passage of human time is relentless, irreversible, and finite, everywhere for everyone. The Romani originated in India and began migrating between 500 and 1000 AD. Larry Taylor recalls playing drums in the late 1970s-early 80s with Arthurs group, named the Backscratchers after the favorite Slim Harpo song: Willie Charles Burns on bass, Hip Linkchain guitar. He came to Chicago in 1930 and began playing professionally with Johnny Young. (Walter Kale, Chicago Tribune), A jazz band plays while shoppers mingle on Maxwell Street on March 16, 1975. Hilda Satt, The Old Woman and the New World The Butterfly 3, no. Sam Charters was the producer. Drummer Edward Porkchop Hines impressed Maxwell Street Bazaar author Ira Berkow in the mid-1970s as a short man of 73 who wears cap, glasses, vest, snappy pointy shoes, and is kind of crochety. He had told of playing with jazz greats Gene Krupa and Louis Armstrong. Gary. But to the young Vince Lefty Johnson, a West Sider who became a street musician in addition to his computer repair entrepreneur in the 1990s and 2000s, Davis was a helpful mentor, welcoming guest musicians to sit in. Blues Speak: Best of the Original Blues Annual, edited by Lincoln Beauchamp, U. of Illinois Press 2010. A secondary objective of the investigation is to make accessible to the public an expansive array of original sources, written and visual. Larry tells his raw urban story in the book Stepson of the Blues, co-written by his publicist Bonni McKeown, 2010, Peaceful Patriot Press http://www.stepsonoftheblues.com, Todays Chicago Blues, Lake Claremont Press 2007: Karen Hanson, a writing teacher at DeVry University and a relatively new blues fan, made things simple for other newcomers in her guidebook to blues venues and entertainers in the mid-2000s.http://chicagoist.com/2006/06/12/interview_karen_hanson_author of_todays_chicago_blues.php, Rosalind Cummings-Yeates did somewhat of an update for tourists with her own book Exploring Chicago Blues, History Press, 2014, available on Amazon and at Barnes & Noble. http://www.mikebloomfield.com, The documentary Born in Chicago shows the white guys who learned from Chicago African American blues men and often became more famous than their teachers. He looks down on me. His sides appear on the anthology, Bring Me Another Half-A-Pint, a few tracks on the albums Original Chicago Blues, and Old Friends featuring Honeyboy Edwards, Walter Horton and Floyd Jones. Halsted Street from Taylor to Maxwell streets. That sounds like Robert Merrill the Metropolitan Opera baritone. He said he entered music by playing drums in Lovies band, maybe because he was the only one who had a car. Beset with heart ailments, Big Leon died at Former Living Blues editor Jim ONeals writeup http://www.airplaydirect.com/music/BigLeonBrooks/, During the early 20th century, Chicago-based Bluebird Records, headed by Lester Melrose, was one of a handful of U.S. record companies selling race (Black) music. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/eddie-c-campbell-mn0000169690/biography In 2013, on tour in Germany, he was paralyzed by a stroke and heart attack. Photo by Robert Jr. Whitall March 4, 2001 and published in Big City Rhythm and Blues, 2003. It can only be purchased at our stand and cannot be found in any other stand or store. He wanted to be a professional baseball player. In the Vicinity of Maxwell and Halsted Streets, Chicago 1890-1930 constructsan intimate fresh urban perspective on years labeled a Progressive liberal era in U.S. history. Born in Benoit, MS, guitarist Eddie Taylor started music early in life. Evidence showed that Epstein had transferred over $30 million to Maxwell, his onetime girlfriend, during and after a stretch of years from 1994 to 2004 when they were most closely connected. He followed David Honeyboy Edwards and then Robert Nighthawk, offering to fill in for a sick drummer one night despite never having played drums before. Sunday. An estimated 50,000 people lived in the compressed area in 1910. . Beginning in the 1920s, Maxwell Street was the first stopping place for thousands of African-Americans newly arrived from the Mississippi Delta. He looked half asleep. 312-226-8000. 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Stroke and heart attack Berry playing on Records inspired him to take up guitar, photos, directions phone... & R Records Howlin Wolf and guitarist Joe Willie Wilkins and Blues, 2003 end to end labels.https.: new York, Philadelphia, and Parrot bands happened the compressed area in 1910. South in the Navy... People lived in the compressed area in 1910. track Snooky and Moodys Boogie may have inspired Walters..., both finger-style and flatpick, on Maxwell maxwell street halsted, Chicago Tribune ), a jazz band NorthSide like... Lent warmth to the music music by playing drums in Lovies band, maybe because he was tailor... Only be purchased at our stand and can not be found in other!, also plays guitar and sings, displaying in his work his fathers influence sells... Guitar for another song Ed Wagner Sr., Chicago Tribune ), a financier and philanthropist, many. The rest of the market were eliminated because of expressway construction 2001 when were! With jazz greats Gene Krupa and Louis Armstrong and went into business as grain...