By the time the war ended in 1865, about 180,000 Black men had served as soldiers in the U.S. Army. On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. For example, on August 19, 1862, General Stonewall Jackson approved the court-martial sentence of execution for three soldiers for desertion, rejecting pleas for clemency from the soldiers' regimental commander. Other missionaries were funded and supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Lutherans. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. [93] Even Georgian governor Joseph E. Brown noted that "the country and the army are mainly dependent upon slave labor for support. Ed M. Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. The Union name for the battle is derived from Antietam Creek, which flows south from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to the . And collectively the armed forces of the North and the South are also known as "the Blue" and "the Gray," respectively, after the prevailing colors of the sides' military uniforms, though especially in the latter difficult stages of the war, soldiers from both sides, and particularly the depleted Confederates, wore much less standardized attire in a wide variety of colors. The original 13 states recognized by the Articles of Confederation were (in chronological order): Delaware (ratified the Constitution on December 7, 1787) Pennsylvania (ratified the Constitution on December 12, 1787) New Jersey (ratified the Constitution on December 18, 1787) Georgia (ratified the Constitution on January 2, 1788) Connecticut (ratified the Constitution on January 9, 1788) Massachusetts (ratified the Constitution on February 6, 1788). Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the "War of the Rebellion." Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called "rebels." For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. By September 1864, however, President Davis publicly admitted that two-thirds of the soldiers were absent, "most of them without leave". [4] Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the army at any given date. While on the march or in parade formation, Confederate armies often displayed a wide array of dress, ranging from faded, patched-together regulation uniforms; rough, homespun uniforms colored with homemade dyes such as butternut (a yellow-brown color), and even soldiers in a hodgepodge of civilian clothing. Following the Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, March 78, 1862, Drew's Mounted Rifles defected to the United States forces in Kansas, where they joined the Indian Home Guard. [10] Lincoln was determined to hold the forts remaining under U.S. control when he took office, especially Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. Confederate soldiers were paid $11 per month, which was two dollars less than Union soldiers. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. He concludes that most of the desertions came because the soldier felt he owed a higher duty to his own family than to the Confederacy. A typical CSR will include an envelope that lists a soldiers name, rank, unit, and card numbers, followed by cards with details extracted from muster rolls, rosters, hospital rolls, Union prison records, payrolls, and other records, with a new card being created each time a soldiers name appeared on a new document. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. To avoid postponing recognition for their valor, those nominated for the awards had their names placed on a Roll of Honor, which would be read at the first dress parade after its receipt and be published in at least one newspaper in each state. Please note that the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System contains just an index of the men who served in the Civil War with only rudimentary information from the service records (including name, rank and unit in which they served). These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy. CREATIVE. [126][127] The Republican Party's platform of the 1864 presidential election reflected this view, as it too condemned the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. Collections; . Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. In the background is a slab dedicated to "Stonewall" Jackson, who earned his nickname at the first battle of Manassas, fought only 30 miles south of Washington, DC at the start of the civil . Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. What. 58692. 126 times it says help the less fortunate and I am sure it means even more so when you have compromised their education and freedom as was done for our black bothers and sisters for 250 years before the civil war so others could benefit financiallyhorrible greed at its best. Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. The best conjecture for Union Army wounded is 275,175. Two to four divisions usually formed a corps. Soldiers from both sides were forced to listen to the painful cries of the wounded for hours, with neither side daring to venture out for fear of being shot by the enemy. Ironically, the proportion of Union soldiers who wrote about the slavery question was greater, as the next chapter will show. III, pp. In contrast, about 25,000 Union soldiers died as a result of accidents, drowning, murder, killed after capture, suicide, execution for various crimes, execution by the Confederates (64), sunstroke, other and not stated. General Kershaw later stated that he observed Kirkland for more than an hour and a half. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. South: Also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States of America, or (by Northerners) the Rebel states, the South incorporated the states that seceded from the United States of America to form their own nation. The yellowhammer is indeed a bird, but pieces of yellow cloth on the Confederate soldiers' uniforms resembled them, earning first the troops the nickname and then eventually the state. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern 'rights' and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. "Dogface" A World War II and Korean War Soldier. in Peter Wallenstein and Bertram Wyatt-Brown, ed., Ted Alexander, "'A Regular Slave Hunt': The Army of Northern Virginia and Black Civilians in the Gettysburg Campaign,", Last edited on 20 February 2023, at 07:07, military forces of the Confederate States, For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War, General officers in the Confederate States Army, Ranks and insignia of the Confederate States, Confederate States of America Transportation systems, Native Americans in the American Civil War, Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War Confederacy, Blockade runners of the American Civil War, General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States, Military of the Confederate States of America, Uniforms of the Confederate States Armed Forces, Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States, Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States, "Deserters in the Civil War | Teachinghistory.org", "James McPherson: What They Fought For, 18611865", ""Civil "War Conscription Laws": November 15, 2012 by Margaret Wood. 2000-2022Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Do not sell or share my personal information. [97] Gary Gallagher says, "When Lee publicly advocated arming slaves in early 1865, he did so as a desperate expedient that might prolong Southern military resistance. What is the difference between HSI and Hscei? The lack of central authority and the ineffective railroads, combined with the frequent unwillingness or inability of Southern state governments to provide adequate funding, were key factors in the Confederate army's demise. For more information on our use of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY. Many soldiers went home temporarily ("Absent Without Official Leave") and quietly returned when their family problems had been resolved. Help with grammar, French, SAT Writing, the TOEFL and ESL. At home their families were in worsening condition and faced starvation and the depredations of roving bands of marauders. [79], By 1863, Confederate generals such as Robert E. Lee often spent as much time and effort searching for food for their men, as they did in planning strategy and tactics. Download Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. Kirkland was born in Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, South Carolina. Confederate soldiers had a variety of nicknames, such as Reb, Johnny Reb, Greyback, Rebels, Secesh, Butternuts and Johnnies, according to Josephus Nelson Larned in his book The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading and Research: During the first year of the war [of the rebellion in the United States] the Union soldiers commonly called their opponents, Rebs and Secesh; in 1862, Confeds; in 1863 Graybacks and Butternuts and in 1864, Johnnies. The nickname Butternuts was given the Confederates on account of their homespun clothes, dyed reddish-brown with a dye made of butternut bark. They were generally referred by number and state, for example 1st Texas, 12th Virginia. [81] The Cherokee were guaranteed protection, rations of food, livestock, tools, and other goods, as well as a delegate to the Confederate Congress at Richmond. Kirkland responded, "All right, sir, I'll take my chances.". Union nickname for Confederate soldiers because of their gray The treaty covered sixty-four terms covering many subjects like Choctaw and Chickasaw nation sovereignty, Confederate States of America citizenship possibilities, and an entitled delegate in the House of Representatives of the Confederate States of America. A small number of Asian men were forcibly inducted into the Confederate Army against their will, when they arrived in Louisiana from overseas. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 113 (2005):340377. Individual states were expected to supply their soldiers, which led to a lack of uniformity. To learn more, click on the seal or go to www.kidsafeseal.com. Get a free answer to a quick problem. uniforms, just as British soldiers were called redcoats because of This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [107] It would not be until Robert E. Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them that the idea would take serious traction. What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? Many of the Confederacy's senior military leaders (including Robert E. Lee, Albert Sidney Johnston, and James Longstreet) and even President Jefferson Davis, were former U.S. Army and, in smaller numbers, U.S. Navy officers who had been opposed to, disapproved of, or were at least unenthusiastic about secession, but resigned their U.S. commissions upon hearing that their states had left the Union. Copy. Cobb said using blacks as soldiers would be the end of the revolution, because "if slaves make good soldiers, our whole theory of slavery is wrong."[101][102][103]. In the summer of 1862, U.S. troops captured Chief Ross, who was paroled and spent the remainder of the war in Washington and Philadelphia proclaiming Cherokee loyalty to the United States Army.[81]. The provisional, volunteer army was established by an act of the Provisional Confederate Congress passed on February 28, 1861, one week before the act which established the permanent regular army organization, passed on March 6. Believing that local troops should be used only for the defense of Georgia,[69] Brown tried to stop Colonel Francis Bartow from taking Georgia troops out of the state to the First Battle of Bull Run.[70]. During the American Civil War and afterwards, Johnny Reb and his Union counterpart Billy Yank were used in speech and literature to symbolize the common soldiers who fought in the Civil War in the 1860s. former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Search the history of over 797 billion Journal of the Senate at an Extra Session of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, Convened under the Proclamation of the Governor, March 25, 1863, p. 6. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Neal Publishing Company, 1912.McPherson, James M. For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. Most questions answered within 4 hours. color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". By Kershaw's own account, at first, he denied the request, but later he relented. ', "The South's Inner Civil War: The more fiercely the Confederacy fought for its independence, the more bitterly divided it became. Although the two forces were to exist concurrently, little was done to organize the Confederate regular army.[18]. The first few states to join hands in the formation of the Confederacy were South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied Item Code: 2022-2311. September 27, 1862, the Second Conscription Act: expanded the age range to 18 to 45, February 17, 1864, the Third Conscription Act: ages 17 to 50. The truth of the story has been disputed. In April 1862,[22] the Confederacy passed the first conscription law in either Confederate or Union history, the Conscription Act,[23] which made all able bodied white men between the ages of 18 and 35 liable for a three-year term of service in the Provisional Army. On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. Estimates range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who were involved at any time during the war. Michael Quinion and Patrick Hanks argue that the term comes from the Dutch name Janneke, a diminutive form of Jan (John) which would be Anglicized as Yankee due to the Dutch pronunciation of J as the English Y. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Although fewer soldiers might comprise a squad or platoon, the smallest infantry maneuver unit in the Army was a company of 100 soldiers. Confederate guerrillas were called bushwhackers. For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. Substitution had also been practiced in the United States, leading to similar resentment from the lower classes. The C.S. The design of this particular shell is attributed to Captain William Leroy Broun that commanded the Richmond Arsenal. Realizing they had advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. Indeed, white supremacy and the right of property in slaves were at the core of the ideology for which Confederate soldiers fought. [121], James McPherson states that "Confederate troops sometimes murdered black soldiers and their officers as they tried to surrender. America "[45], In 1894, Virginian and former Confederate soldier John S. Mosby, reflecting on his role in the war, stated in a letter to a friend that "I've always understood that we went to war on account of the thing we quarreled with the North about. From the solar system to the world economy to educational games, Fact Monster has the info kids are seeking. [32], The southern churches met the shortage of Army chaplains by sending missionaries. Benning is one of 10 Army installations currently named in honor of Confederate soldiers. [34][35][36][37] Military historian Samuel J. Watson argues that Christian faith was a major factor in combat motivation. On December 13, 1862, Kirkland's unit had formed at the stone wall at the base of "Marye's Heights" near Fredericksburg, Virginia. By Sam Smith February 10, 2015 Updated February 23, 2022. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. This easy-to-use database lists over 6 million Confederate and Union soldiers, and 18,000 African American sailors. These seven states also known as the Confederate States of America laid the foundation of the Confederacy during 4 to 9 February 1861 at a meeting held in Montgomery , Alabama. number is not known. However people in some counties in the northeast section were very loyal to the Union. The braid was sometimes left off by officers since it made them conspicuous targets. In war, enemy soldiers are given nicknames. The Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter signed the outbreak However, according to Randolph H. McKim in his book The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, the numbers of enrollment into the Confederate army were: Virginia: 175,000Florida: 15,000Georgia: 120,000North Carolina: 129,000South Carolina: 75,000Mississippi: 70,000Alabama: 90,000Tennessee: 115,000. A Manual of Military Surgery (1863). [132], Native Americans and the Confederate Army, African Americans and the Confederate Army, Prisoner exchanges with the United States, On February 8, 1861, delegates from the first seven, Records of the number of individuals who served in the. It does not store any personal data. Let us put the negro to work, but not to fight. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Nicknames for U.S. At the beginning of the war, Albert Pike was appointed as Confederate envoy to Native Americans. Prominent Confederates such as R. M. T. Hunter and Georgian Democrat Howell Cobb opposed arming slaves, saying that it was "suicidal" and would run contrary to the Confederacy's ideology. Tennessee was the last state to join the Confederacy. Kirkland did not stop until he had helped every wounded soldier (Confederate and Federal) on the Confederate end of the battlefield. For example, at the pivotal Battle of Chancellorsville, the average U.S. Army infantry regiment's strength was 433 men, versus 409 for Confederate infantry regiments. One result was wave after wave of religious revivals in the Army,[33] religion playing a major part in the lives of Confederate soldiers. The storage wasteland, whose exact location has been . bushwhackers. One list provides names of Confederate soldiers who died in either Confederate or Union hospitals in Harrodsburg, Lexington, and Danville, KY. [100] They stated that it was incongruous with the Confederacy's goals and views regarding African Americans and slavery. [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey formerly, a volunteer force of soldiers. Results 1-20 of 67 View Record Name Birth Date Enlistment Date Enlistment Place Rank; To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info or Locationeven a guess will help. Compiled service records are files of cards that abstract original military records relating to an individual soldier. Sources:McKim, Randolph A. 1 What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? [44] One Louisianan artilleryman stated, "I never want to see the day when a negro is put on an equality with a white person. Hone your math skills with our flashcards! McPherson states that Confederate soldiers did not discuss the issue of slavery as often as United States soldiers did, because most Confederate soldiers readily accepted as an obvious fact that they were fighting to perpetuate slavery and thus did not feel the need to debate over it: [O]nly 20 percent of the sample of 429 Southern soldiers explicitly voiced proslavery convictions in their letters or diaries. "Grunt" A Vietnam War soldier. (MA thesis Virginia Tech, 2014). [124][125], The Confederate law declaring black U.S. soldiers to be insurrectionist slaves, combined with the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. soldiers, became a stumbling block for prisoner exchanges between the United States and the Confederacy, as the U.S. government in the Lieber Code officially objected to the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of prisoners of war on basis of color. Occasionally, a single corps might operate independently as if it were a small army. The United States victory at Vicksburg in 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the west. Vicksburg in 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the west Kershaw stated! Substitution had also been practiced in the category `` Analytics '' forces to... From Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to the Union name for the cookies in the category Analytics..., sir, I 'll take my chances. `` is one of 10 Army currently... 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